Virological failure is defined as any viral load greater than 1000 copies/mL (≥log3), after at least 6 months of treatment. The study focused on the assess- ment of the level of treatment failure in people living with HIV on antiretro- viral treatment in Chad. This was an analytical and descriptive prospective study conducted between July 2021 and July 2022. The determination of the filler was carried out by the Reaction Chain Polymerization (PCR) method with kit Generic HIV Viral Load® (Biocentric, Bandol, France) and the Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load® Kit (Cepheid, Maurens-Scopont, France) on Genexpert. During the study, 4890 patients benefited from viral loads, including 3443 (70.4%) women and 1447 (29.6%) men. The majority of patients were married (60.9%), followed by single (16.6%), divorced (13.9%) and widowed (8.6%). The ratio of 2.4 in favor of women. Of all the patients included, 881 (18.0%) were in virological failure, of which 59.6% were married, 22% were single, 12.1% were divorced and 6.2% were widowed. Of these, 50.3% (444/881) were on TDF/FTC/EFV, 37.7% (333/881) were on TDF/3TC/DTG, 3.9% (35/881) on TDF/FTC/ATZ, 2.9% (26/881) were on AZT/3TC/EFV-based diet, 1.9% (17/881) were on ABC/3TC/LPV-based diet, 1.5% (14/881) were on TDF/FTC-based diet, and 1.3% (12/881) were on ABC/3TC/ATV-based diet. The majority of patients had been on treatment for between five (05) and ten (10) years, respectively 52.7% (2578/4890) and 32.8% (1603/4890). 13.9% (680/4890) had been on treatment for fifteen (15) years and 0.6% (28/4889) had been on treatment for more than twenty (20) years. In patients with virological failure, 0.5% (4/881) of patients with treatment failure had been on treatment for more than 20 years, 11.9% (105/881) had been on treatment for more than 15 years, 54.9% (484/881) had been on treatment for less than 10 years 32.7% (288/881) had been on treatment for less than 5 years. The compliance rate was 3.7% (179/4890) in all patients. It is 4.3% (38/881) in patients with treatment failure. Treatment failure is a burden for the patient on antiretroviral therapy, as the drug fails to control the virus and key organs continue to be poisoned.

PVVIH, Treatment Failure, HIV, ARV, Chad