This study aimed to assess measurement invariance for the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 (Oltmanns &
Widiger, 2020) across nine national samples from four continents (n= 6,342), and to validate a French translation
in seven French-speaking national samples. All were convenience samples of adults. Exploratory
factor analyses supported a four-factor structure in the French-speaking Western samples (Belgium,
Canada, France, and Switzerland) while a three-factor structure was preferred in the French-speaking
African samples (Burkina Faso and Togo), and no adequate structure was found in the Indian sample.
Factor congruence with the original American sample was excellent for the Western samples but not for
the non-Western samples. Exploratory bifactor analyses led to similar results, with the g-factor essentially
reflecting one of the first-order factors observed in the exploratory factor analyses. Support for configural,
metric, scalar (partial), and strict invariance was obtained across the six Western samples, as well as across
the two African samples. Support for criterion validity of the Five-Factor Inventory for ICD-11 scales was
also obtained, with relevant associations between scale scores and the presence of a mental health diagnosis
and consulting a mental health professional, but validity was lower in the non-Western samples.
Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11, personality disorders, alternative model of personality disorders, measurement invariance, cross-cultural validity