Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Street Dèguè in Abidjan District, Côte d’Ivoire

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Résumé

Background and Objective: Foods of animal origin are considered a major source of foodborne
illness. Resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains pose a serious threat to public health due to the
consumption of feed contaminated with antibiotics used to treat various bacterial infections in livestock. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profil of
Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from dèguè (drink made from millet couscous and curdled milk)
sold on the streets of the Abidjan district.
Methods: A total of 160 samples of traditional dèguè were analyzed. The isolated strains were
identified by classical bacteriology and identification method. They were subjected to an
antibiogram by the Mueller-Hinton agar diffusion method according to the EUCAST-CASFM
2024_V1.0 recommendations and the resistance phenotype was based on their behavior in relation
to the tested antibiotics.
Results: On average, 54.4% of dairy product (dèguè) samples (87/160) were found contaminated
with Klebsiella pneumoniae (25/87), Escherichia coli (21/87), Citrobacter koseri (21/87),
Enterobacter aerogenes (19/87) and Salmonella spp (01/87) in almost all sampling areas of the
Abidjan district. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the highest rates of resistance of isolates to
amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (69.4%), piperacillin (61.2%) (Yopougon), cefepime (34.2%), and
pefloxacin (40%) in the Songon commune, and the lowest rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and
amikacin, all at a rate of 2%, and levofloxacin (4%), gentamicin (5.7%). A 3% rate of extended
spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected.
Conclusion and Perspective: The high level of contamination caused by multidrug-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae strains poses a risk to public health and highlights the need for further research
on the surveillance and control of pathogens present in dairy products.

Mots-clés

Dèguè; Enterobacteriaceae; Antibiotic resistance; Côte d'Ivoire.