Use of biopesticides in the perspective of chemical resistance management in Western Africa: The cases of Bemisia tabaci (Homotera: Aleyrodidae) and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Résumé

Organic pesticides are used against agricultural
pests in order to improve yields in Western Africa.
Pyrethroid (PY), Organophosphates (OP) and
Carbamates (CX) are the chemical pesticides mainly
used. Unfortunately, these chemicals continue to
select new resistant populations of B. tabaci, a
polyphagous whitefly. Indirectly, the chemical
residues in the breeding sites of disease vectors
like An. gambiae select resistant individuals. There
is a real interaction between the issues of resistance
in the insect pest B. tabaci and in the vector of
human disease An. gambiae. To date, B. tabaci and
An. gambiae were both resistant to PY and OP. In
the perspective of sustainable management, various
workers have concentrated their efforts on the
search for natural products from plants as well as
their potential use, as alternatives to conventional
insecticides. Although the resistance to insecticides
is well documented, little is known about the
effectiveness of biopesticides (e.g. essential oil
extracts) against the populations of B. tabaci and
An. gambiae. The use of essential oil extracts in
agricultural fields and in breeding sites may lead
to an improvement of the living conditions and
the reduction of poverty in our households. In this
paper, we have reviewed the research in the cases
of insecticides resistance in West Africa and the
potential uses of biopesticides against agricultural
pests and disease-borne vectors

Mots-clés

Pesticides, resistance, essential oil, natural enemy, sustainable management