Sociodemographic and Diagnostic Aspects of Esophageal Disease in Ouagadougou

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Résumé

Esophageal pathologies are a common reason for consultation and endoscopic
examination. However, their characterization remains insufficiently docu
mented. The aim of our study was to investigate esophageal pathology in Oua
gadougou. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical
study conducted in three health centers in Ouagadougou over five years. We
collected the records of patients with esophageal involvement on upper gas
trointestinal endoscopy (UGE). Sociodemographic, clinical, and endoscopic
data were gathered from endoscopy and histology reports. Results: A total of
4216 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 43.7 years, ranging
from one year to 92 years. The sex ratio was 0.97. The main indications for UGE
were epigastric pain (47.4%), regurgitation (14.4%), and heartburn (13.9%).
Endoscopically, hiatal hernia was the most common lesion, observed in 2555
patients (60.6%), followed by peptic esophagitis, recorded in 2217 patients
(52.6%). Regarding tumor pathologies, they were dominated by squamous cell
carcinoma, accounting for 58% of cases, while adenocarcinoma made up 42%.
Malignant esophageal tumors were rare in our series, but the risk increased
significantly from the age of 50 (OR = 12.3; p = 0.020) and were more frequent
in men (OR = 2.93; p = 0.023; IC: 1.14 - 7.55) (Men: tumor: 17, no tumor:
2061; Women: tumor: 6, no tumor: 2132). Conclusion: Esophageal pathology
is increasingly common. It is dominated by hiatal hernias and peptic esopha
gitis in our context, confirming the growing impact of gastroesophageal reflux.
Conversely, esophageal cancers appear to be uncommon but increase with age.
Upper digestive endoscopy thus remains essential for the early identification of lesions related to reflux, preventing their complications and detecting neo
plastic forms at an early stage.

Mots-clés

Esophageal Pathology, Digestive Endoscopy, Hiatal Hernia, Esophagitis, Ouagadougou