Housing and household characteristics associated with malaria vectors abundance and clinical malaria incidence in a semi-urban and a rural area of Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Background The risk of malaria transmission varies between rural and urban areas. Environmental characteristics
and habitat structure can explain this variation. Understanding these factors is crucial for the informed selection
of existing and new vector control tools. This study investigated how housing and household characteristics affect
vector abundance and malaria incidence in a semi-urban and rural setting of Burkina Faso.
Methods CDC light traps were used to sample indoor mosquitoes from July to October 2021 in 355 randomly
selected houses in semi-urban and rural areas of the Nouna health district. A digital data collection application
was used to record information on occupants, housing structure, and household characteristics. Indoor temperature
was monitored with a wall thermometer during the night of mosquito collection. Mosquitoes were morphologically
sorted and identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Poisson and logistic linear models were used to assess the effects
of house structure and household characteristics on indoor mosquito abundance, mosquito infection, and human
malaria cases.
Results A total of 22,863 mosquitoes were collected, the most abundant of which were Anopheles including Anoph
eles coluzzii, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles arabiensis. In the rural site, minor vectors such as Anopheles
nili, Anopheles funestus, and Anopheles pharoensis were found. Mosquito abundance, the number of infected mosqui
toes, and the presence of human malaria cases didn’t vary significantly according to wall type, roof type, the pres
ence of breeding sites, and the use of LLINs. However, the vegetation around the houses was positively associated
with mosquito abundance [RR: 2.5; CI (1.43–4.15); p < 0.001], vector infection [RR = 2.5; CI (1.74–3.33); p < 0.001],
and the presence of malaria cases [RR: 1.4; CI (1.03–2.0); p = 0.048]. The presence of children under five years of age
[RR: 1.52; CI (1.25–1.84); p < 0.001], female householder [RR: 1.23; CI (1.02–2.78); p < 0.001] were also significantly associ
ated with the human malaria cases.
Conclusion The household environment, such as vegetation around houses, appears to increase the risk of malaria
transmission, while building materials have a smaller effect, in semi urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso. In addition

Mots-clés

Housing, Household, Malaria vectors, Malaria incidence, Semi-rural, Rural, Burkina Faso