Serologic Evidence of Circulation of Six Arboviruses (Dengue Virus, Chikungunya Virus, Zika Virus, Rift Valley Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus) in Four Regions of Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Résumé

Apart from some information on dengue virus (DENV), there is limited data on the circulation of arboviruses in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to investigate antibody prevalence against six arboviruses in four regions of the country to document previous virus exposure. Serum samples collected between August 2018 and December 2022 from people infected with viral hepatitis B and C in Bobo-Dioulasso were used to detect IgG antibodies against DENV, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) using commercial ELISA kits. A total of 1808 serum samples, accompanied by basic epidemiologic data (sex, age and residency) were included in this study. We observed an IgG antibodies seroprevalence of 75.4% for DENV, 30.8% for CHIKV, 2.9% for ZIKV, 1.2% for RVFV, 1.1% for CCHFV and 1.1% for YFV. Age, sex, and place of residence were significantly associated with seropositivity for DENV and age and sex with CHIKV seropositivity. The results suggested widespread circulation of DENV and CHIKV and possible circulation of CCHFV and RVFV in humans in Burkina Faso. The importance of strengthening arbovirus surveillance by including additional arboviruses in the diagnostic panel is emphasized.

Mots-clés

Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Arbovirus, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Seroprevalence, Serology, Dengue virus, Virus