Distribution des sérotypes/génotypes du rotavirus et leurs implications chez les enfants atteints de diarrhée admis à l'hôpital pédiatrique universitaire Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases are a source of public health problems in low-income countries such as Burkina Faso, where the aetiology of rotavirus plays an important role. This led to the introduction of surveillance since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. The aim of this study is to take stock of rotavirus diarrhoea since the introduction of the vaccine.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 0-56 months with diarrhoea admitted to the Charles de Gaulle Paediatric University Teaching Hospital, Ouagadougou between December 2013 and January 2021. Stool samples were collected for rapid diagnostic test for rotavirus, which was confirmed by ELISA for rotavirus group A VP6 antigen. ELISA positive samples were genotyped (for genotype G and P) using multiplex real-time RT-PCR.
Results: Of all the stool samples from 1223 children with suspected rotavirus diarrhoea, 401 were confirmed by ELISA, representing an average prevalence of 32.8%. The distribution of confirmed cases by year showed a considerable drop in positive cases between 2014 and 2015, with 61.7% and 17.6% prevalence rate respectively. This prevalence remained low in 2017 and increased in the other years without exceeding the 50.0% observed before the introduction of the vaccine. Genotyping identified P6(59.6%) and 8(40.4%) types for genotype P, and G12 (66.0%) for genotype G.
Conclusion: This study shows a considerable decrease in the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea which could be linked to the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the Extended Vaccination Program (EVP) in Burkina Faso in 2013, although rotavirus diarrhoea cases are still considerably occurring.

Mots-clés

Rotavirus, diarrhoea, vaccine, genotype, paediatrics, Burkina-Faso