Incidence and Predictors of Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Complications in Hospitals in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Introduction: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most commonly used medical devices in hospitals for the administration of medications. Their use can lead to complications of varying severity. Objective: Determine the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of PVC-related complications. Methods: This was a two-month prospective observational study conducted in the Medical Emergency Department (MED) of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou. All patients admitted during the study period who had a PVC inserted and removed were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of complications. Results: In total, 459 PVCs were inserted and removed in 415 patients hospitalized at the Medical Emergency Department during the study period. The placement of 37.7% (n = 173) of PVCs resulted in complications in 131 patients (31.6%). For 644.3 days of catheterization, the incidence density was estimated at 6.5 complications per 1000 patient days. Phlebitis (24.0%), infection (5.7%), and accidental removal (2.8%) were the most frequently identified complications. The average age of the patients was 46.8 ± 18.9 years with a sex ratio of 1.22. The average patient hospitalization duration was 2.5 ± 2.6 days. In multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with the occurrence of complications after PVC insertion were patient’s state of agitation during the procedure (aOR = 12.59; 95% CI = 4.12 - 38.49), placement of the PVC at the elbow bend (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.86 - 5.52), multiple attempts (aOR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.49 - 6.75), administration of 10% hypertonic glucose solution (aOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.62 - 8.33), and duration of catheterization beyond 72 hours without being changed (aOR = 33.00; 95% CI = 14.19 - 76.75). Conclusion: The incidence of PVC-related complications was relatively high. The identification of the factors that can lead to these complications is relevant to the delivery of quality healthcare to patients.

Mots-clés

Medicine, Incidence (geometry), Accidental, Prospective cohort study, Catheter, Observational study, Surgery, Emergency department, Complication, Logistic regression, Central venous catheter, Internal medicine