Epidemiological profile of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center: case of patients hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases department between 2018 and 2023

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Résumé

Introduction: Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are a growing threat to public health, especially in resource-limited countries. In Burkina Faso, the resurgence of dengue fever, associated with cases of chikungunya and measles, reflects persistent transmission and a morbidity and mortality still poorly documented in hospitals. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of these diseases at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center in Ouagadougou. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with retrospective data collection conducted from January 2018 to December 2023. All patients admitted to the infectious disease department for an emerging and re-emerged viral disease are included. Data was collected using the KoBoCollect application and analyzed with STATA v16 software. Results: A total of 464 patients (73.4%) out of 632 hospitalized met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 38.1 ± 11.5 years. Probable dengue, HIV infection and COVID-19 represented the main viral pathologies, with respective proportions of 41.4%, 28.3% and 3.1%. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (8.2%), and 40.0% of patients reported self-medication. The duration of hospitalization was less than 7 days in 63.1% of cases. Overall hospital mortality was 19.6%. Conclusion: Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are a major cause of hospitalization in Burkina Faso, dominated by dengue and HIV infection. Despite prevention efforts, their persistence highlights shortcomings in monitoring and control. Strengthening prevention strategies, diagnostic capacities and management appears essential to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality in this context.

Mots-clés

Viral Diseases, Emerging-Reemerging Diseases, Burkina Faso