HUMAN IgG RESPONSE TO AEDES AEGYPTI SALIVARY GLAND EXTRACT IN RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS OF BURKINA FASO: IMMUNO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TOOL FOR AEDES AEGYPTI BITES

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Résumé

Dengue fever is a major re-emerging infectious disease, posing risks in low- and middle-income countries, including Burkina Faso. Although antibodies against Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract (SGE) are recognized as reliable biomarkers of exposure to Aedes bites, data from Burkina Faso remain limited. The study compared IgG- specific responses to Ae. aegypti SGE of children (n = 200) residing in Ouagadougou and rural adult cotton farmers (n = 476) in Ziro Province. Rural samples were collected during the high mosquito density season (June to July), while urban samples were collected during the dry season. IgG responses to Ae. aegypti SGE were determined using ELISA. Children’s mean IgG levels are significantly higher in the 11- 15 years of age than in the younger age group (p-value <0.001), and also are significantly different among children residing in the three neighborhoods surveyed (p-value = 0.001). Significant differences were observed in mean IgG levels of farmers in six villages where organic pesticides were used (p-value = 0.0018) and, similarly, in ten villages where conventional synthetic chemical pesticides were employed (p-value = 0.0001). The findings highlight the utility of the immuno- epidemiological method in determining exposure to bites of disease-transmitting insects and as biomarkers for potential disease outbreaks
in Burkina Faso and elsewhere.

Mots-clés

Aedes aegypti, dengue fever, IgG, immuno-epidemiology, mosquito bite, salivary gland extract