Introduction: HIV infection in newborns from their mothers can be reduced through mother to child transmission prevention programs (PMTCT). The objective in this study was to assess antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1 positive pregnant women on mother to child transmission of infection to Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: Whole blood spot samples were collected from 160 children aged 6 weeks born to HIV-positive mothers and 1 in 40 children aged 2 to 13 months from orphanages and whose mothers were unknown. These samples were tested with the Abbott kit Real Time HIV-1 Qualitative. A questionnaire was used to know the ages and functions of pregnant women. Results: Pregnant women had an overall mean age of 29.50±5.19 years. In total, 50.5% (101/200) were under AZT/3TC/NVP and 29.5% (59/200) were on prophylaxis (AZT/3TC). The vertical transmission rate of HIV-1 was 0.0% (0/160) P<0.001, in children whose mothers were under AZT/3TC/NVP or AZT prophylaxis in / 3TC and 15.0 % (6/40) among orphaned children who were not included in the protocol of PMTCT. Conclusion: According to results, the PMTCT protocol is effective and very significantly reduced the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child. In addition, screening by PCR, vertically infected children orphaned by HIV, enabling them early therapeutic management.

VIH-1, PTME, DBS, Burkina Faso