This paper presents a study focusing on border management in a counterterrorism context. It deals with a deterministic system of differential equations that explicitly includes a continuous function to model border management by dedicated armed forces. The barrier theorem and the Cauchy–Lipschitz theorem are used to show that the system is well‐posed. Then, a locally and globally asymptotically stable terrorism‐free equilibrium point is identified using the next‐generation matrix. A triple control, two for internal strategies and one for border management, is introduced in the model for the optimal control study. Clearly, this paper shows that border management is an imperative in the fight against terrorism. Particularly, even in a context where terrorism is supposed to spread like an epidemic, good border management can reverse the trend and eliminate the terrorist threat. In addition,...

Groundwater development in crystalline and metamorphic basement terrains is hampered by the difficulty of locating productive fractures from optical lineament mapping alone, even when it is combined with surface geophysics. This study assesses the influence of geological structures on the geometry and functioning of the aquifers of the Tenkodogo square degree (Burkina Faso) through a multi-scale, multi-sensor approach combining aeromagnetic data, radar imagery and multispectral optical imagery. Magnetic lineaments were extracted manually from derived products and the analytic signal, whereas optical and radar lineaments were extracted automatically (PCI Geomatica) after enhancement (PCA, Laplacian, directional and Lee filters). In total, 502 aeromagnetic, 4476 optical and 39,764 radar lineaments were corrected for anthropogenic and topographic biases, then validated against existing geol...

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev is a socio-economically significant agroforestry species in arid and semiarid regions of Africa. However, its natural populations have declined significantly, primarily due to poor seed regeneration and limited adoption by local communities, hindered by its physical dormancy and slow growth. This study investigated the influence of substrate type and seed size on the germination and early growth of F. albida. Therefore, seeds of F. albida were categorized into three size classes based on their diameter: large (≥ 4.5 mm), medium (4.0–4.49 mm), and small (< 4.0 mm). After pretreatment with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%; 5 min), the seeds were sown in pots (40 cm height, 12 cm diameter, one per pot) using a randomized complete block design. The experimental layout included two substrates (desert sand and topsoil) and five replicates, with 10 seeds per re...

Background: The rising incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), driven by an ageing population and ongoing epidemiological transition, underscores the need for improved surveillance strategies. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), however, limited access to molecular diagnostics and fragmented genomic data hinder the characterization of mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd). These constraints contribute to delayed detection, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages, thereby compromising prognosis and the effective delivery of oncologic care. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the pooled hospital-based proportion of CRC across SSA, characterize the molecular architecture of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), stratify tumor aggressiveness according to microsatellite instability (MSI/MSS) status, and evaluate overall survival following diagnosis. Methods: A systematic review and met...

School dropout remains a major obstacle to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 in low-income and fragile contexts, where it reinforces intergenerational poverty and social inequalities. In Burkina Faso, rural poverty, insecurity, and gendered social norms combine to produce persistent dropout, particularly in hard-to-reach areas. This article examines how machine learning models can be integrated into routine education data systems to support early detection and prevention of primary school dropout. Using administrative data on 12,217 pupils from 55 schools taking part in the KIX-SEEDS ‘Une classe dans la main’ initiative (2024-2025), six supervised algorithms were evaluated on a modelling cohort of 11,365 pupils, including 200 cases of school dropout, using training, validation and test sets comprising separate schools. Despite the rarity of the events, administrative data enabled...

Depuis 2019, la ville secondaire de Kaya, chef-lieu de la province du Sandbondtenga (région du Kuilsé, Burkina Faso), accueille l'une des plus fortes concentrations de personnes déplacées internes (PDI) du pays, avec 122 570 PDI recensées au 31 mars 2023 et 115 477 réparties sur 24 sites au terme de l'année 2025. Cette étude examine comment cet afflux reconfigure les dynamiques socio-économiques et spatiales de la ville. Elle mobilise une approche mixte associant une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 230 ménages (155 hôtes, 75 PDI), dix entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs institutionnels et une analyse cartographique de l'occupation du sol. Les résultats montrent un profil des PDI majoritairement féminin (74,67 %) et en âge actif, une insertion économique dominée par l'informel précaire (61,90 % des ménages disposant de moins de 1000 FCFA de revenu journalier) et un accès au log...

Cowpea is widely cultivated legume in Burkina Faso. However, rainfall fluctuation and soil poverty are major constraints to its production. This study aimed to identify superior cowpea genotypes combining favorable agronomic traits and earliness. To achieve this, 52 MAGIC genotypes and two checks were planted using an alpha lattice design with two replications at Kamboinsé, Farako-Bâ, and Saria during the 2019 and 2022 rainy seasons. The likelihood ratio test applied to the restricted maximum likelihood model showed a significant genotype × environment interaction for grain yield, hundred-seed weight, and days to 95% maturity. Heritability on genotype-mean basis (h²mg), reflecting genotypic efficiency in multi-environment trials, was low for grain yield (0.28) and high for maturity (0.67) and hundred-seed weight (0.77). AMMI analysis revealed significant mean squares for the first four i...

Remittance inflows are a significant source of development finance, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. By providing households with a relatively steady income, remittances help to stabilise consumption patterns and mitigate the impact of economic cycles. While these flows may reduce growth instability by alleviating domestic resource constraints, they could introduce new challenges, such as real exchange rate appreciation. Using a system-GMM estimation approach to address potential endogeneity biases, this study examines whether remittance inflows mitigate economic growth instability in 45 Sub-Saharan African countries between 1980 and 2023. The empirical results suggest that, within the scope of this model, remittance inflows are associated with lower growth instability. Consequently, policies that facilitate remittance flows could play a constructive role in mitigating the impact of m...

This study aimed to evaluate the qualitative phytochemical profile of the hydroethanolic extract of Annona senegalensis leaves and to validate its biological properties. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, quantification of phytochemical compounds, followed by in vivo evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and neuroprotective activities were performed using standardized methods. HPTLC analysis revealed a rich profile of phenolic and terpenic compounds, with rutin and quercitrin identified as prominent constituents and further confirmed by spectrophotometric quantification. The confirmed phytochemical profile is closely correlated with in vitro antioxidant properties (IC50 of 27.81 ± 2.35 µg/mL) and significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation (70.84 ± 2.06%). The extract was well tolerated and showed anxiolytic and analgesic effects without producing sedation. The...

Background Access to Family Planning (FP) services remains limited in many low-income countries, particularly in Burkina Faso. Understanding the availability, readiness, and geographic accessibility of contraceptive services is essential to improve delivery and utilization. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis from two databases linked using geospatial information. The Harmonized Health Facility Assessment (HHFA) facility census was performed in 3,056 health facilities in Burkina Faso. A nationally representative female population-based survey was also conducted with 6,947 women in reproductive age by the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA). The indicators on FP services included the offering, the provision of short- and long-acting methods, the availability and the accessibility to the facility offering any contraceptive method. Women were linked to the nearest health fac...