This paper addresses the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the ideological components of Donald J. Trump’s “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) slogan by examining how it served as a rhetorical tool to win the 2016 presidential election. In this paper we qualitatively and conceptually analyze Trump’s campaign materials from 2015–2016 using Cas Mudde’s populism (2004), Svetlana Boym’s restorative nostalgia (2001), and Rogers Brubaker’s exclusionary nationalism (1992). The obtained results demonstrate that Trump’s MAGA entailed a synthesis of three key elements: an exclusionary nationalism embodied in “America First” policies and America’s border strict control; a restorative nostalgia for an idealized post-WWII past to counter anxieties about deindustrialization and American demographic change; and a Manichean populist struggle between what Trump calls “forgotten Americans” and a corrup...

Rapid urbanisation in African cities has intensified pressures on urban mobility systems. In Ouagadougou, sustained population growth, urban sprawl, and rising travel demand continue to challenge the efficiency of urban transport despite ongoing investments in infrastructure and services. This study examines the institutional, organisational, and regulatory factors affecting urban mobility governance in the city. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining documentary review, questionnaire surveys administered to 300 stakeholders, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and SWOT analysis. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative information was subjected to content analysis. The findings reveal that although multiple actors are involved in urban mobility governance, coordination remains weak. Most respondents considered existing coordination mechanisms in...

This study examines extreme precipitation trends across Burkina Faso’s Sahelian, Sudano-Sahelian, and Sudanian zones from 1991 to 2023, amid growing hydro-climatic variability in West Africa. The aim is to determine whether changes in rainfall extremes reflect gradual trends, structural shifts, or both. Three indices were analyzed: maximum 1-day precipitation (RX1day), maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation (RX5day), and the Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII), using a non-parametric framework combining Mann – Kendall trends, Sen’s slope, and Pettitt change-point tests (p < 0.05), with spatial patterns mapped via GIS. Results show a latitudinal contrast. In the Sahelian zone, Dori recorded a significant SDII change in 2004 (p = 0.040) followed by increasing intensity. The Sudano-Sahelian zone exhibits the strongest signal: Ouagadougou shows upward trends in RX5day and SDII with a struct...

L'originalité de cet article réside dans la cible de l'étude, à savoir les enfants left behind, autrement dit, les enfants restés au pays d’origine des parents au moment de leur départ ou renvoyé dans ce pays après la migration de leurs parents biologiques. L'objectif est d'analyser les effets des transferts ou envois d’argent/ de fonds dans les ménages d'accueil des enfants restés au pays dans le corridor Burkina Faso - Côte d'Ivoire. Une enquête quantitative a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet MIDEQ (Migration pour le Développement et l'Égalité) couvrant quatre régions administratives et les deux plus grandes villes (Ouagadougou et Bobo-Dioulasso) du Burkina Faso. Ainsi, une analyse comparative à travers des statistiques descriptives et un modèle probit ont été utilisés pour mieux apprécier les effets des envois de fonds sur les ménages d’accueil des enfants restés au pays ou left b...

Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) has long been an essential species for communities in Africa. Over the past decades, its production has gradually declined. Developing knowledge of existing ethnovarieties and the causes of their decline, as well of the socio-cultural services associated with the ethnovarieties and the chosen local management strategies, could contribute to their better valorization and conservation. This study aims to (i) map existing ethnovarieties, (ii) determine the endogenous management strategies, (iii) document the socio-cultural services associated with the ethnovarieties, and (iv) determine the causes of the decline. First, a non-probabilistic snowball sampling technique was used to identify the producers to be involved in the study. Then, semi-structured interviews involving 80 producers from 8 provinces across Burkina Faso were conducted using a...

The use of medicinal plants remains an essential practice in sub-Saharan Africa, where they constitute a major therapeutic and socio-cultural resource objective of the study was to investigate medicinal plants used for doping in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Methods: To do this, a semi-structured ethnobotanical survey was first conducted among traditional practitioners. Phytochemical compositions of the plants were analyzed using spectrophotometry. Finally, the acute toxicity of the doping plants was studied by administering a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to NRMI mice, which were observed for 14 days. Results: A total of 50 traditional practitioners and herbalists were interviewed and 25 plants species belonging to 17 botanical families were identified. Based on the frequency of citation, the species Martynia annua Lin (Martyniaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalace...

Security crises affecting the Sahel over the past several years have profoundly transformed theurban dynamics of cities hosting displaced populations. In Burkina Faso, the city of Ouahigouya hasbecome one of the principal refuge centres for internally displaced persons (IDPs), resulting in rapidpopulation growth and increasing pressure on urban infrastructure and services. This study analyses theeffects of forced displacement on the city’s urban resilience. It aims to examine the demographic, spatialand infrastructural transformations induced by the massive influx of IDPs, assess the pressures exertedon urban systems, and propose an integrated tool for evaluating urban stress. The methodologicalapproach combines quantitative and qualitative analyses based on documentary data, surveys conductedamong 989 households, stakeholder interviews, and spatial analyses. The data collected were used...

Background In Burkina Faso, typhoid fever remains a major public health concern, particularly among children under 15. In January 2025, a nationwide campaign introduced the typhoid conjugate vaccine targeting children aged 9 months to 14 years. This study aimed to estimate the cost of typhoid conjugate vaccine delivery during the national campaign and to identify the main cost drivers across different administrative levels. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional costing study using a microcosting approach from the perspective of the Ministry of Health. We collected data from fifty health facilities, eight health districts, five health regions, and the national level. Financial and economic costs were estimated for each level, excluding vaccine and syringe costs. All costs were converted to 2024 USD using the official exchange rate. Parameter uncertainty was explored...

In this work, we establish theoretical and numerical links between the Bernstein copula, the Bernstein polynomial, and Value at Risk (VaR) in the context of dependence approximation in financial risk. Thanks to the smoothing induced by this copula, we express the portfolio VaR as the quantile of an approximate joint distribution, highlighting the effect of Bernstein smoothing on the estimation of extreme risk. In this work, we establish theoretical and numerical links between the Bernstein copula, the Bernstein polynomial, and Value at Risk (VaR) in the context of dependence approximation in financial risk. Thanks to the smoothing induced by this copula, we express the portfolio VaR as the quantile of an approximate joint distribution, highlighting the effect of Bernstein smoothing on the estimation of extreme risks. The relationship is further refined by representing the Bernstein copul...

Oranges are consumed in many African countries. In Burkina Faso, they are consumed in various forms. In particular, they are used in the production of juices and nectars. Orange juice is a non-concentrated, undiluted, and unfermented liquid with a variable chemical composition and diverse properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of natural orange juices sold in the city of Ouagadougou. A total of ten samples were collected from three markets in the city of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical parameters (pH, Brix degree, acidity, vitamin C content, and impurity level) and microbiological parameters (total mesophilic aerobic flora, total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria, yeasts, and molds) were determined using standard analytical methods. The pH, Brix degree, free acidity, vitamin C content, and impurity levels of the juices an...