Inourstudy,weproposeavector-hostepidemicmodelwithfixed-timepulseinterventionsguidedby population size of susceptible humans and susceptible vectors. This approach aims to reflect the situation where public health interventions, namely, vaccination campaigns, mass treatments, insecticide spraying, or sterile mosquito releases, are generally implemented periodically rather than continuously. A saturated incidence function is used to fit the situation where the number of infective cases is getting larger with the limited medical facilities. The model incorporates a general rule of implementation of control measures such us vaccination, treatment and mosquitoes elimination. We theoretically investigate the dynamic behavior with the appearance of (𝑘 + 𝑚)𝑇 - periodic solutions. Firstly, we derive the existence and stability of the order-1 (𝑘 + 1)𝑇 - disease-free periodic solution with nonnegat...

Background: Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Metarhizium are widely used as eco-friendly biocontrol agents against insect vectors, offering a cost-effective alternative to chemical insecticides. While these fungi have demonstrated potential as larvicides against malaria vectors, their impacts on mosquito life-history traits and maternal effects remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of locally isolated Metarhizium pingshaense strains (S10 and S26) on survival, development, reproductive fitness, and maternal effects in Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. Methods: We assessed the efficacy of M. pingshaense (strains S10 and S26) against both larval and adult stages of An. coluzzii. For larval assays, third-instar larvae were reared in water containing 2 × 105 conidia/mL of M. pingshaense. Adult survival, wing length, oviposition rate, and blood-feeding behavior were sub...

This study examines how time delays in vaccination response, case reporting, and access to supportive care influence measles transmission during the recent outbreak in Texas, USA. We develop a delay-based compartmental model that captures both biological and operational features of measles control and calibrate it using Texas reported Measles incidence data from January 20 to May 27, 2025. Analytical and numerical results show that delays in reporting and intervention can substantially weaken outbreak control, allowing transmission to persist even in highly vaccinated populations. In contrast, timely case detection, improved vaccination uptake, and access to supportive care significantly reduce transmission and can drive the effective reproduction number below unity. These findings highlight the critical role of minimizing reporting and healthcare delays alongside sustained immunization...

Introduction In the quest for peak performance and public health, the use of plant secondary metabolites to modulate exercise-induced fatigue is gaining traction. This narrative review explores the interaction between phytomolecules (polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids), redox homeostasis, and the immune system during physical exertion. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was conducted across international databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). The analysis includes biochemical identification methods, in vivo anti-fatigue evaluation models (forced swimming, metabolic biomarkers), and human clinical trials. Results The data reveal that the efficacy of phytomolecules is based on effects that promote recovery, membrane protection, adaptogenic capacity, mental alertness, and glycogen sparing. The study highlights that these compounds increase athletes' tolerance mar...

Medicinal insects represent a valuable and still largely underexplored source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential for human health. Traditionally used in various cultural pharmacopeias, these insects are now drawing an increasing interest in pharmacological and biomedical research communities. Most medicinal insects belong to the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Blattoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. This review highlights key insect species with therapeutic relevance, exploring their roles in traditional medicine, the bioactive compounds they produce, and their emerging applications in modern healthcare, starting with a focus on Africa continent and expanding to a global perspective. Recent pharmacological advances have enabled the isolation of compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and immunomodulatory effects, providing promising avenues for dru...

Introduction: Regional variability in secondary metabolite biosynthesis represents a critical dimension of plant chemodiversity. This study examined Acanthospermum hispidum, Vitex simplicifolia, and Vetiveria nigritana collected from three ecological zones of Burkina Faso (Centre-North, Centre, Cascades), focusing on phytochemical composition and bio activities. Methods: Qualitative profiling of phenolic acids and flavonoids was performed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate/formic acid/glacial acetic acid/water (100/11/11/26). The total phenolic content of plant extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The biological potential of the extracts was evaluated using three biological assays: antioxidant activities (ABTS and FR...

Based on asymmetric cryptography, Passkeys Systems are a secure authentication method that can serve as an alternative to traditional authentication methods, such as usernames and passwords. In this paper, we propose a secure approach to enhance private key synchronization mechanisms in passkeys systems. Our secure service is based on Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman protocol and Zero-Knowledge Proofs in a peer-to-peer environment. Following a critical analysis of existing works, which highlights recurrent vulnerabilities related to authentication and confidentiality, we introduce a robust architecture using mutual identity verification, secure session key generation and encrypted passkey transfer. The security of our proposed protocol is assessed through a dual approach: an informal analysis based on potential attack modeling, and a formal validation using ProVerif and Scyther tools. The r...

In this work, we prove the existence and regularity of solutions in -norm for some partial functional integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces under the resolvent operator’s theory developed by Grimmer.

Background Traditional medicine in Burkina Faso relies heavily on aromatic plants for the treatment of malaria, bacterial infections, fevers, and related illnesses. Acanthospermum hispidum, Vitex simplicifolia, and Vetiveria nigritana are widely cited species, yet their essential oil composition and biological activities remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the ethnobotanical importance, chemical composition, and biological activities (antibacterial and antiplasmodial) of essential oils from these three medicinal plants collected across different ecological regions of Burkina Faso. Methods An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the Centre-North, Centre, and Cascades regions. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. Antibacterial activity was assessed using MIC and MBC assays, while antiplasmodial activity was evaluated in vitro aga...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Africa, where HIV prevalence varies considerably across countries but remains, overall, higher than the global average. Limited diagnostic capacity and the growing emergence of antimicrobial resistance further contribute to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Bacterial and fungal coinfections may complicate TB diagnosis and treatment, yet evidence from Africa remains fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available data on the prevalence, microbiological profiles, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and clinical implications of bacterial and fungal coinfections among TB patients in Africa. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and African Journals Online were searched for studies reporting bacterial and/or fungal coinfections among TB...