Au Burkina Faso, l’émergence récente des groupes d’autodéfense « koglweogo » est souvent mise en lien avec la notion de « vide sécuritaire ». Cependant, considérer l’émergence des koglweogo comme la manifestation de l’absence de l’État dépolitise les rapports de force qui sous-tendent le phénomène des groupes d’autodéfense. En nous appuyant sur l’analyse des justifications de l’émergence et du travail des koglweogo et de la politique de police de proximité censée leur donner un mandat officiel, nous mettons plutôt en lumière les luttes de pouvoirs qui se jouent autour de la détermination de la notion de sécurité même. C’est à travers ces rapports de force politiques et économiques que nous comprenons l’émergence et le « succès » de ces groupes dans une dynamique de formation de l’État.

This review highlights an uncommon yet reversible cause of reflex syncope that prevented an unnecessary pacemaker implantation. We present a rare instance of gastrocardiac syndrome, a frequently overlooked condition that links gastrointestinal disturbances with cardiac symptoms. This review underscores the importance of identifying modifiable causes of syncope before resorting to invasive treatments.

Partir des ateliers de production pour comprendre la réinsertion des ex-détenues de la MACO au Burkina Faso a constitué une expérience de documentation pour saisir l’utilité pratique de la prison, entre sa fonction de punition, de privation de liberté, et celle de transformation des individus. Pour comprendre ce processus, la démarche a mobilisé une revue documentaire, l’observation et l’entretien afin de cerner les discours des détenues, la manière dont elles racontent leurs souffrances et les expériences qu’elles font de l’intérieur de la prison et en dehors. A partir de l’analyse de contenu des récits des détenues, les résultats permettent de conclure que l’insertion post-carcérale est un processus de formation et de réapprentissage du vivre en société. Ce processus s’appuie sur la découverte par les détenues de l’opportunité que représentent les ateliers de production en tant qu’offr...

The intensive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) cropping in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) contributes significantly to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Due to limited data on emissions and emission factors (EFs) in SSA, this study investigates GHG emissions and proposes EFs under different fertilization regimes in maize cropping in Burkina Faso (West Africa). A randomized complete block design was used with five treatments: (i) control: no fertilizer (CK), (ii) cattle manure (M), (iii) chemical fertilizer (NPK), (iv) a combination of chemical fertilizer and cattle manure (NPKM) at the national recommended rate, and (v) farmers’ practices, which involve chemical fertilizer combined with manure at the farmers’ rate (NPKM+). Cumulative N2O emissions varied significantly among treatments (p < 0.05), with the highest under NPKM (2.86 kg N2O-N ha−1) and the lowest under CK (1.93...

Assaying biological molecules in body fluids is of paramount importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of numerous human diseases. Various pathological conditions involve dopamine (DA) metabolic disorders in their pathophysiology, rendering the monitoring of dopamine highly significant. This paper reports the development of a biosensor based on laser-induced graphene electrodes (LIGEs) for the analysis of dopamine in urine samples. LIGEs were obtained through direct laser writing of polyimide and subsequently modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), laccase (Lac), and Nafion, which was used to prevent the enzyme desorption from the electrode surface. The electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the presence of gold nanoparticles and laccase on...

In this paper, we assess the robustness and resistance against various types of attacks of a multi-factor authentication mechanism that we have proposed. It is a mechanism based on the OpenID Connect protocol and utilizes the Ethereum blockchain. Robustness was evaluated by conducting appropriate security tests using AVISPA and Scyther protocol security verification tools. The analysis of the test results confirms that our proposed authentication mechanism provides effective resistance against replay attacks, identity spoofing attacks, counterfeit token fabrication attacks, Broken End-User Authentication attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. We also evaluated performance in terms of gas cost in Ether consumed during different transactions as well as their execution times.

We have described a model of hepatitis C (HCV). It is a system of nonlinear fractional differential equations. We studied convergence and then used the SOME Blaise ABBO (SBA) method to successfully apply to this system

In this paper, we investigate the existence and multiplicity of so- lutions for a class of nonlocal discrete problems governed by a p(k)-capillarity differential operator in a T -dimensional Banach space. Our technical approach is based on a minimization method combined with adequate variational tech- niques, particularly the mountain pass theorem of A. Ambrosetti and P.H. Rabinowitz and the (S+) mapping theory.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global public health challenge. By 2022, there were nearly 39.9 million people globally living with HIV, 53% are women and girls. Serodiscordant couples, a couple with one partner positive for HIV, play a critical role in HIV transmission. This is particularly evident in sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 10.90% of couples are serodiscordant, making them a key population for targeted prevention efforts. This study aimed to determine the impact of viral load, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and the behavioral pattern of serodiscordant couple likely to influence HIV transmission. A prospective study was carried out and con- cerned HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. Parameters such as age, frequency of HIV testing, duration of relationship, number of children, social status, and educational level of partners were analyzed. Questionnaires...

Background Malaria control would be greatly facilitated by the development of new tools for rapidly assessing malaria transmission intensity. In malaria-endemic areas such as Burkina Faso, human populations are frequently exposed to immunomodulatory salivary components injected during mosquito blood feeding. Numerous studies have examined parasite immunity; however, there are few data available on vector immunity as a means of assessing malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aims to compare IgG-specific response to salivary gland extracts (SGE) of Anopheles gambiae (An. gambiae) in populations living in urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two sites, Ouagadougou city and Sapouy village, where blood samples (n = 676) from children (0–15 years) and adults were collected. After An. gambiae salivary prot...